Anti-bribery laws in the U.S: Ethics and Airbus Essay -- internationa

International business is risky especially when companies involved play by a different set of rules. Knowing the differences in culture, politics and the primary legal environments of a host country, allows the companies to conduct business and make quality decisions based on the business climate, creating a marketing mix specific to each country and region (CSU, module 3, 2014). Detailed research helps companies create a solid marketing mix, but does not guarantee that the obstacles of payoff’s and bribery won’t hinder the outcome. Below the surface level of many sales negotiations, like those seen in our case study of Boeing and Airbus, are driven not on their marketing mix, quality, reputation or reach, but rather on power, bribery, politics and corruption, which plays a very real role in international business negotiations. Anti-bribery laws in the U.S. were established to prevent the rampant corruption exhibited in the Airbus case study. Similar anti-corruption laws do not exist in many of the host countries the U.S. does business with. Host county’s laws and regulations take on different forms especially when power, money and politics are involved, manipulating or creating a new set of rules to benefit their own selfish needs. Savvy sales negotiators, like those at Airbus, seek opportunities through loop holes, off shore accounts and large sums of bribery money, to entice country officials or others with the authority to make purchases to commit to Airbus. A more uniform worldwide approach to international laws needs to be adapted, implemented and more importantly enforced, so all companies involved can conduct fair business practices under the same set of rules. Legal or Illegal who Benefits Airbus and... ...d sets the foundation for companies to mitigate disputes through conciliation, arbitration, or, as a last resort, litigation. Most international businesspeople prefer a settlement through arbitration rather than by suing a foreign company (Cateora, Gilly & Graham, 2013). Based on marketing strategy, had Airbus adopted anti bribery laws prior to the many cases in question, the outcome might not be favorable to them. It would not have been in the best interest of Airbus to follow commonly accepted business practices established by the U.S.. Works Cited Cateora, P., Gilly, M., & Graham, J. (2013). International Marketing 16th edition: New York, N.Y: Mc Graw-Hill Irwin companies, Inc. Colorado State University-Global Campus. (2010). Case 2-4 - Ethic and Airbus [Blackboard ecourse]. In MKG 400 – International and Multi-Cultural Marketing. Greenwood Village, CO.

Theories on Criminal Behavior

There are many theories that provide an explanation of criminal behavior. According to some theories, delinquent behavior is innate in an individual. Other theories say that crime is influenced by environmental, economic, and psychological aspects (University of North Texas, nd). Biological Theories According to the biological theories, criminals have a different physiological makeup from non-criminals. Their biological inferiority is what pushes them to resort to criminal activities.There had been multiple studies that attempts to find out if criminality is hereditary through analysis of family trees, identical and fraternal twins, statistics, and adopted children. However, these approaches have proved futile because they cannot distinguish hereditary from environmental influences (University of North Texas, nd). Contemporary researches, on the other hand, has discovered a wide array of biological factors that have direct or indirect connection with criminal or delinquent activities .Among them are lack of chemicals, minerals, and vitamins in the food they eat, sugar and carbohydrates-rich food, and hypoglycemia. Exposure to radiation, dysfunctions in the brain, and swallowing of food dyes and lead also play an important role in criminal behaviors. Likewise, criminal acts have something to do with hormonal abnormalities, particularly those that are connected with testosterone (the male sex hormone) and progesterone and estrogen (the sex hormones related to female). By injecting estrogen to male sex offenders would minimize their sexual drives(University of North Texas, nd).In addition, biological theorists likewise believe that the interplay of biological, environmental and social conditions can have an effect on criminal behavior. The genetic makeup of the criminal gives them a predisposition to act in a certain manner. The environmental and social conditions determines the actual behavior as well as the definition of that act(University of North Texas, nd). P sychological Theories The belief that criminal behavior is caused by low intelligence gained ground in the United States.In order to prove this view, a study was conducted in 1931 and reached a zero correlation between the intelligence of an individual and criminal behavior(University of North Texas, nd). According to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, criminal behaviors are associated with psychopaths or those who have internal problems that have been unresolved. Psychopaths are people who are rules by senseless guilt, subjective conscience, and no do not know how to distinguish right from wrong. In general, they find it hard to establish relationships with other people and do not know how to be emphatic(University of North Texas, nd).Sociological TheoriesAccording to sociologists, how people behave is determined by the social group as well as the social structure. The conditions of their society may cause them to commit crimes and delinquency(University of North Texas, nd).Sub-cultural Theory of DelinquencyIn the 1920s, the Chicago School, composed of sociologists, attempted to discover the connection between the crime rate of a community and its characteristics. According to this theory, social disorganization can take place in a neighborhood where the rate of delinquency is high.Social disorganization takes place when:1) there is absence of delinquency control;2) the criminal behavior is most of the time with the consent of parents as well as the community;3) the opportunity for delinquency presents itself; 4) there is minimal encouragement, training, or possibility for legal employment(University of North Texas, nd).Anomie TheoryThis theory was proposed by Robert Merton in 1938. Anomie explains the major difference between the cultural objectives and social structure of the United States. People experience strain as a result of their limited access to legal means of achieving wealth.In order to cope up with this inadequacy, people accumulate we alth through illegal methods as well as through conformity. Other forms of adaptation, according to the anomie theory, include ritualism, wherein the individual does not pursue the wealth actively, and rebellion, where the individual does not accept both the goal of the wealth as well as the legal means of obtaining it(University of North Texas, nd).Differential AssociationThis theory, introduced by Edwin Sutherland, is one of the major beliefs that explains the causes of criminal behavior.According to Sutherland, criminal behavior takes place because the delinquent individual has been exposed to criminal elements and isolated from anti-criminal patterns(University of North Texas, nd).Social Learning TheoryAccording to the principles of learning theory, the best way to approach criminality is to implement policies that would effectively punish criminals. Sadly, this is not being implemented in the United States. At present, the delinquent individual is usually not incarcerated and r eturned to the same community where they have been exposed to criminal behavior.Likewise, the method of punishment lacks consistency and is not immediately implemented. Alternative or prosocial behaviors is not rewarded with positive reinforcement(University of North Texas, nd).Social Control TheoryThe social control theory does not attempt to uncover the reasons why criminal behavior is committed but rather focuses on why people conform and accept these behaviors(University of North Texas, nd). Travis Hirschi, in his 1969 book Causes of Delinquency, provides a comprehensive presentation of contemporary social control theory.In his book, Hirschi concluded that delinquent behavior is likely unless the offender is exposed in a society that is characterized by attachment to other people, commitment to traditional means of action, involvement in usual activities, and concurrence to moral order and law(University of North Texas, nd). Moreover, Hirschi explained that the leading cause of delinquency is ineffective child rearing, which results to individuals with low self-control(University of North Texas, nd).Labeling TheoryThis theory places emphasis on the criminalization process itself as the reason for some crimes.The criminalization process refers to the definition of criminals and delinquent behavior. According to the labeling theory, the first time a person commits a delinquent act and gets punished by the criminal system, they are already viewed as a criminal and it eventually becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy(University of North Texas, nd).Conflict TheoryThis theory delves on the struggle between rich and poor, management and employees, majority and minority group. According to the conflict theory, society involves conflicts between rival interest groups and that the law and justice system functions in order to control subordinate groups.Crime results from the lack of power(University of North Texas, nd).Radical/Marxist TheoryAccording to this theory, capi talism demands competition of people in order to gain material wealth. Because of the uneven distribution of wealth, people have taken advantage of people who are less powerful than them as they accumulate wealth(University of North Texas, nd). According to the radical theory, criminal behavior is caused by what Marx calls class struggle (University of North Texas, nd).Real Life Cases of Criminal Behavior For a period of two years, FBI Special Agent Robert Hazelwood and Janet Warren from the University of Virginia’s Institute of Psychiatry and Law conducted interviews of 41 men who were convicted for the rape of 837 victims. Based on the interviews, 55-61% of the criminals committed premeditated rape during the first, middle, and final act. 15 – 22% of the criminals said that their acts were results of their impulse while 22 – 24% said that the opportunity to rape presented itself(Hazelwood & Warren, 1990).According to Janet Warren from the University of Virgini a, there are methods of sexual attacks on women. The first one is called the ‘con’ approach. In this method, the rapist openly talks to their victims and asks if they can do anything to help them. As soon as the victim is within their control, that is the time they perpetrate their evil plans. This was the case used by one of the interviewed rapists named John, who was responsible for raping 20 victims(Hazelwood & Warren, 1990). The second method used by rapist is the ‘blitz.Here the rapist physically assaults their victims by using chemicals or gases. Most of the times, however, they use their strength to overpower the woman. This was the case of 28 year-old Phil, who raped one of his victims in a vehicle(Hazelwood & Warren, 1990). Finally, the third method is the ‘surprise. ’ In this approach, the rapist pre-selects their would-be victim. The physical assault is perpetrated by the offender waiting for the woman. Weapons, such as guns or knives, as w ell as threats are involved in the surprise approach. 24-year old Sam chooses his victims by observing her patterns.He was able to rape 20 victims before he was caught(Hazelwood & Warren, 1990).ConclusionThere are many theories that explain the reasons why people resort to criminal behaviors. The causes of criminality may be psychological, social, or biological.ReferencesExplaining Crime. University of North Texas. Retrieved July 21 2008 from http://www. unt. edu/cjus/Course_Pages/CJUS_2100/2100chapter3. pptHazelwood, R. , & Warren, J(February 1990). The Criminal Behavior of the Serial Rapist. Holysmoke. Org. Retrieved July 21 2008 from http://www. holysmoke. org/fem/fem0126. htm

India Needs Socialism Essay - 1182 Words

The Indian economy is an interesting thing on one side we see Middle aged men in Imported Cars , Tall buildings with luxury apartments , five star hotels and clubs full of people spending thousands and posh luxury office’s It feels like money just spills out of the pockets of the rich to make this capitalist utopia of the few . We also see slums , factories with horrible workings conditions , Beggars and rag pickers on the roads living on less than the bare minimum needed to survive .When I was 12 years old I saw a women feeding her child of a trash can and in my hand was a burger from a fancy American fast food joint . I still think of that day and I dont feel lucky but guilty . If you wanted me to write this essay on â€Å"The†¦show more content†¦Certainly not . The assumption that this system rewards those who work hard is false . The incomes and rewards in this system , are not only unfair but also unequal . The richest 3 Richest people in the world own more money than the poorest 10 % of the world population . The ten percent of the world population is 686110000 , So do you mean 3 people work more harder than effort of 686110000 people combined ? The answer is an obvious no . The rich dont work for their money but make money work for them .The working man works nine hours a days and at the end of the month ,day or after a certain period of time he gets a wage . The rich man on the other hand has never worked for money but he works for acquiring assets and these assets make him rich whether he works or not . I will look at the economy from the eyes from the worst off and all I see is misery and hunger . Well this economic system is beyond doubt the cause of poverty in this country and something has to be done about it . The first thing that comes to your mind is that the government should help the poor and the oppressed . 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However, in order to debate between Capitalism and Socialism, it is necessary to understand what the differences, advantages, and disadvantages are of both systems. In the dictionary it states capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. Socialism is a so cial and economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Roads Road Serfdom By Theodore Dalrymple1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmight have expected. In fact, they often remember it as the best time of their lives.† It’s right to echo that fact that before the war, that the Britain was the protectorates of the Indian Empire. However, in 1947 the Britain’s had withdrew from India. This was the first indication of â€Å"weakness† (BBC). It was emphasized further that â€Å"Britain lacked the means to defeat a mass campaign by the congress.† Before the war, Britain â€Å"de facto† both political and economic control of 25% of the world’s populationRead MoreWhy Democracy is the Best Form of Government Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, communism is concerned with rejecting current ideas of governing, and dubs the citizens wants as a burden to the country. Communism was centered on a revolution that was absolutely necessary for the country to spread from capitalism to socialism (Kopstein, Sept 26). During a revolution, however, rights are not considered integral to society. By ignoring people’s rights, they lose the option of choice. In addition, communism despises peoples hankering for material goods, making them obsoleteRead MoreIndia, India And The World2120 Words   |  9 Pages India is well known for the Taj Mahal, Bollywood, and the world famous curry. India is one of the fastest growing democratic countries in the world ever since the Indian government reformed their political structure to improve public finance, business and their investment environments. India is very important in the world trade but its growth is still below its actual potential, while facing disruptive corruption, poor infrastructure, and fiscal deficits that results in a burden for developmentRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War1519 Words   |  7 Pageseconomic freedom. The United States, India, Australia, Canada, Spain, France, and Great Britain are just a few of the countries that exhibit some form of democracy. For the most part, the citizens in these countries are happy people, and none of these countries are currently in a civil war. Consequently, the people living in these countries enjoy their freedom and are fortunate to have it, unlike many others in the world. Another type of government is Socialism. This form of government actually

An Introduction to Geysers and How They Work

Example Audit On Boeing - 5076 Words

Running head: STRATEGIC AUDIT 1 The Boeing Company Strategic Audit MGMT 436 Michael Johnson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide STRATEGIC AUDIT 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Current Situation 4 Corporate Governance 6 External Environment: Opportunities and Threats 11 Internal Environment: Strengths and Weaknesses 12 Analysis of Strategic Factors (SWOT) 16 Strategic Alternatives and Recommended Strategy (TOWS) 18 Implementation of Recommended Strategy 19 Conclusion 20 References 22 STRATEGIC AUDIT 3 The Boeing Company Strategic Audit Executive Summary: This report was developed to analyze the global position of The Boeing Company and how their its current business strategy competes with its†¦show more content†¦Fortunately, Boeing excels in all of these areas as it is a major importer and exporter of raw materials and per assembled parts from their vast group of certified parts suppliers. Boeing is also a major part of the United States Export Control Board as it is a major product exporter with their aircraft and their parts. Boeing’s operations are very structured to provide efficiency and custom tailored to deliver what the needs of the customer are. The service it provides is exceptional in parts and engineering and even overhaul services. Its marketing is an area that is not seen by many; as Boeing is very good at targeting their current audience and they market specifically to those people worldwide (Boeing Edge, 2013). Boeing’s major disadvantage is a limited market as their target customers are usually companies not individuals. Its advantages are that it has a wide variety of services and products to meet its customers’ needs worldwide. Boeing is diversified as it consults operations all over the globe with employees working in the field supporting its customers. Its business strategies that it has been using are working very well for them and it has generated a solid trend of positive financial growth and has aided in the expansion of the company. Boeing’s mission statement is: People working together as a global enterprise for aerospace leadership (Boeing About Us, 2013). Its missionShow MoreRelatedBoeing Case Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesBoeing 767 Case Study Questions 1. How would you describe Boeing’s approach to project management? What are its strengths and weaknesses? Boeing adopts a very thorough, well planned out process to manage the project. The stages are defined clearly and tasks involved in each stage are carried out sequentially. The first stage of their approach is the project definition phase during which Boeing identified holes in the market not met by existing planes, assessed future airline needs, considered alternativeRead MoreThe Idea Of Eliminating Waste, Also Known As Muda, From1420 Words   |  6 Pagescreativity. Lean may seem somewhat new, considering it was only formally identified in the 1990’s, however, there are now many businesses that put emphasis on the importance of lean. Some companies, such as Boeing, even have organizations focused on the implementation of lean. During the Boeing tour, it was evident that the company has put a lot of effort into incorporating lean systems into many of its internal functions at the Everett plant. In manufacturing, the fuselage automated upright buildRead MoreDynamic Aircraft Case Study : Key Factors1374 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness procedures and a booming supply chain. Boeing, a manufacturer of large aircrafts, has implemented a multiple step supplier selection and evaluation that allows them to always be aware of their suppliers actions. 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Kung Fu Panda Convergence and Interactivity Free Essays

Convergence means coming together, merging or meeting. Advancement in technology has allowed bringing together different media to a single platform thus providing more functionality and services to the consumers (Convergence, 2004). Interactivity is the â€Å"degree to which users can make choices within an environment† (Web3D Part5: Glossary, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on Kung Fu Panda: Convergence and Interactivity or any similar topic only for you Order Now   Interactivity has always existed to a degree in one form or another however with the Internet and advancement in media users have more choice and flexibility and they can also modify content to suit their own requirements. This paper presents a critical analysis of a website and assesses how convergence has allowed using old media in new ways and affected user interactivity. Traditionally movies have been advertised through billboards, pamphlets, posters, advertisements on radio, television and in newspapers and also short trailers at cinemas prior to the start of another movie. These advertising methods have been costly, as other than the production cost they also involve high broadcasting costs. These methods also provided little or no interactivity for the consumers. Popularity of the internet, and remarkably lesser production and broadcasting costs have resulted in internet advertising becoming necessary for economic survival in the competitive world of movie distribution. TNS Media Intelligence (Foote, 2007) forecasts increase in US advertisements, with Internet advertising continuing with double digit growth. Kungfupanda.com is an example of a website which has converged, brought together, images, text, audio and video from the traditional mediums of movie advertisement to a single platform, the Internet, providing consumers with enhanced levels of functionality, services and interactivity. On visiting the KungfuPanda website the user is presented with an introductory screen which states the release date of the movie in US and also has a link to the worldwide movie release dates. If the user is interested in viewing the webpage in another language, there is a choice of 8 different languages. The user can simply select the country’s flag and a new KungfuPanda window opens in that language. With traditional medium the movie distribution company would be required to produce advertising material separately for each of the 8 languages which would be costly. With the Internet it is relatively easy to translate a webpage in different languages. If the user is only interested in viewing the trailer for the movie they can click on the link, however, for a user who is interested in finding more about the movie he/she can click on the ‘Enter the Site’ link. In this way KungfuPanda website has provided interactivity and given its customers flexibility and control of how they view the website and how long, or in much detail they view the website. On clicking the ‘Enter the Site’ link the viewer is presented with an array of humorous and colourful animation. The site has very strong visual and auditory impact. The user can scroll back and forth along the linear window through the animated scenery and can choose a character or a building. Upon clicking on an object the user is sent to an additional page dedicated to the chosen character. It gives an account of the various strengths and weaknesses and hopes and aspirations of the character. It also gives the viewer the option to download emoticons, wallpapers, screensavers etc. This functionality of each character breaking apart into a separate page gives the advertiser far more scope to sell the character and to brand it.  Ã‚   To promote the movie and make it more appealing for the children the site also provides activity sheets and colouring pages. The site is not fully complete as on number of links it states ‘coming soon’. The site also assumes that the users have high speed internet connection. A website with such strong visuals and animation would take very long to load with a slow dialup connection which could prove to be very frustrating for the users. The users should have been given a choice to select the kind of internet connection they have and the site then presented accordingly. There are a number of negative social implications that can be associated with this website. The premise of the KungfuPanda website is purely economic gains; it is wrapped up in a colourful product aimed at children.   By having a good understanding of the child psychology, the advertisers have used â€Å"pester power†, â€Å"brand recognition† strategies to target the children. This endeavour of using child psychology for a successful marketing campaign has been deemed unethical by some (How Marketers Target Kids, n.d.). It should be noted that martial arts can be considered a violent sport. KungfuPanda site however depicts martial arts in a comedic light and encourages teachers, parents and martial arts instructors to bring children in groups. The site has an external link for group sales. By giving users free downloads they may be tricked into thinking that these are sincere gifts from the movie distributors/advertisers, but in fact they are being used by the advertiser to broaden their campaign. Being an award winning site, KungfuPanda has succeeded in further spreading its advertising tentacles by being listed on the creative website awards (CWA) and favorite website awards page (FWA). The technical and visual prowess of the site  helps more people to learn about the product it sells, in turn creating a reciprocal  type of advertising to the site that hosts the awards. Kungfupanda.com is a good example of how movie advertisement has converged from the traditional mediums and has had economic effects on distribution costs. All the previous methods of film advertising have converged into a slick portal with the added layer of interactivity and user choice. However, with convergence, increased flexibility and interactivity there are also many social implications that must be given careful consideration. References Convergence, (2004), [Internet], NetTel@Africa. Available from: http://cbdd.wsu.edu/kewlcontent/cdoutput/TR501/page29.htm [Accessed 15th March 2008]. Foote, A. (2007), News, [Internet], TNS Media Intelligence. Available from: http://www.tns-mi.com/news/01082007.htm [Accessed 15th March 2008]. How Marketers Target Kids, (n.d.), [Internet], Media Awareness Network, Available from: http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/marketing/marketers_target_kids.cfm  Ã‚   [Accessed 15th March 2008]. Web3D, Part 5: Glossary, (2006), [Internet], Reality Prime, Available from: http://www.realityprime.com/articles/web-3d-part-5/   [Accessed 15th March 2008]. How to cite Kung Fu Panda: Convergence and Interactivity, Essay examples

Project Planning Helps in Minimizing Risks Case Study

Question: How project planning helps minimize risks, and give examples? Answer: Project planning is very important as simple risks within the business can affect the organization and can put the company out of the business. There are four important processes of project planning that help to minimize the risks. They are: Identification of the risks Quantification of the risks Development of risk response Controlling of risk response The risk management planning process is very important as it helps in identifying the risks within the business (Heagney, 2012). Then the planning process will help in formulating strategies to minimize the desired risks involved. The next will be the development of the risk response or the execution process for the formulated strategies in order to minimize the risks. In the risk identification process, the source of the risk is identified and then the risk breakdown structure will help to organize the risks that are identified (Kerzner, 2013). The example for the project risk management is shown below: Risks Mitigating the risks Probability Impact Insufficient local demand to run the project Group need to create demand in following areas: Running various types useful events for projects Running media campaigning Targeting specific group of people for business process Low Severe Key members leaving the project Making sure that there are incentive schemes in order to retain employees Low Moderate Irregularity or failing of employees to install equipment within the project Proper means of training top the employees by experts Medium Negligible Example Laptop up-gradation The IT section of major International Corporation was engaged in upgrading the workstations of all the employees to new platforms. The project manager eventually decided to issue various new laptops having the new platform, as the old laptops were end towards their lease. The primary motive of the project manager was to reduce the overall cost prices. Unfortunately the schedule got critical and the new software was not compatible with some of the software which was used by the sale divisional unit. This resulted in enormous loss in the production section for the overall organization. This happened due to improper project planning, therefore project planning is important to minimize the desired risks within the business processes. References Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. New York: American Management Association. Kerzner, H. (2013).Project management. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc.